If glucose levels are high and insulin is unable to act properly due to low production or insulin resistance, your body may not use glucose for energy efficiently, which means your cells may feel “starved” of the fuel they need, increasing sensations of hunger. It helps to transport glucose into your cells to provide you with energy. Insulin is a hormone released by the pancreas that suppresses appetite and may lead to a reduction of food intake. At the same time, hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, can stimulate the secretion of ghrelin, which is one hunger hormone that promotes food intake.ĭiabetes mellitus is a medical condition where the body may not produce enough insulin, or as in the case of type 2 diabetes, doesn’t utilize the insulin that already exists efficiently. Changes in your body’s ability to produce or respond to insulin may contribute to excessive food intake. Hormones such as insulin may also help to inhibit feelings of hunger. Hormonal signals provide feedback to the hypothalamus, a small part of the brain that controls appetite and lets your body know when you’re full. After every meal, your body modulates satiety signals that are responsible for inhibiting feelings of excessive hunger. Multiple factors control your food intake as well as your energy balance. Someone with hyperphagia or polyphagia may experience intense hunger, have difficulty feeling full after a meal, and frequently overeat. The symptoms of hyperphagia are distinct from normal hunger cues that someone might experience after going a few hours without eating. If left unaddressed, overeating may lead to obesity issues or weight gain. These conditions can often go hand in hand with binge eating, and in some cases be caused by eating disorders such as bulimia. Excessive hunger is a central feature of inherited disorders such as Prader-Willi syndrome. Some of the underlying causes of hyperphagia may include a lack of sleep, changes in stress response, and premenstrual syndrome. Polyphagia can be associated with either weight loss, maintenance, or gain, while hyperphagia is always associated with weight gain. While you can use hyperphagia and polyphagia interchangeably as terms for excessive hunger, there are minor differences to note. If your food intake becomes excessive for longer periods of time, it can lead to certain complications such as changes in digestive function, hormone regulation, and more. This allows your body to regulate energy intake and output while ensuring all the vital functions for life are well-maintained. In most healthy people, the body regulates hunger and satiety through a host of metabolic mechanisms. It may occur due to stress, hormonal changes, or genetics. Hyperphagia (or polyphagia) is a condition that causes feelings of uncontrolled hunger (despite eating regularly), extreme food cravings, fluctuations in blood glucose levels, digestive issues, and weight gain.
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